Year 4 writing overview
The grid below is an overview of the writing units in Year 4. Each unit is driven by an engaging, vocabulary-rich book (or a school trip!) that inspires a wealth of writing opportunities. Some of these books have strong thematic links to other areas of our curriculum (for example Science, History and Geography). If you would like to see how writing units are mapped across the whole school, please read our 'Whole School Writing Overview' which is available HERE. If you would like to find our more about our writing curriculum, please follow the link to our 'contacts' page and get in touch.
Autumn term | Spring term | Summer term |
Poetry: Where do you get your ideas? (1 week) Stimulus: ‘Where do you get your ideas?’ by Sue Hardy-Dawson Purpose and Audience: write a poem to be performed to the school in assembly Key knowledge and skills:
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Fiction (modern fables): The Tin Forest – descriptive writing (2 weeks) Stimulus: ‘The Tin Forest’ by Helen Ward and ‘The promise’ by Nicola Davies Purpose and Audience: create story settings that paint vivid pictures in the mind of your reader Key knowledge and skills:
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Non-fiction: Guide to a local attraction (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘i360 leaflet’ and other leaflets Purpose and Audience: write an information leaflet that promotes a local attraction we have visited Key knowledge and skills:
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Fiction: The present (2 weeks) Stimulus: ‘The Present’ short film Purpose and Audience: this unit is a whole-class sentence intervention Key knowledge and skills:
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Poetry: 6 ways of looking at the moon and the sea (1 week) Stimulus: ‘6 ways of looking at the moon’ by Pie Corbett Purpose and Audience: create a poem that impacts on the reader Key knowledge and skills:
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Poetry: The Minotaur (1 week) Stimulus: ‘The Minotaur’ by Rachael M Nicholas Purpose and Audience: understand a narrative poem and perform it using intonation, tone, volume and action. Key knowledge and skills:
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Non-fiction: Celts versus Romans (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Celts’ by Jane Bingham Purpose and Audience: write an information page and present information in a way that excites young readers Key knowledge and skills:
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Non-fiction: Eco heroes – explanation (2 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Guardians of the planet’ by Clive Gifford ‘Planet for sale’ by Sue Hardy Dawson Purpose and Audience: explain to our school community how to become an eco-hero. Key knowledge and skills:
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Fiction: The Minotaur (4 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Theseus and the Minotaur’ by A. Horowitz Purpose and Audience: create a legend in the style of ‘The Minotaur’, involving gifts and a dangerous creature Key knowledge and skills:
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Diary: A cat that was not quite a cat (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Varjak Paw’ by SF Said Purpose and Audience: diary entries from different viewpoints – Varjak and Holly meet a toy cat. Share our writing on SF Said’s very active blog. Key knowledge and skills:
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Non-fiction: Eco heroes – persuasion (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Guardians of the planet’ by Clive Gifford ‘Planet for sale’ by Sue Hardy Dawson Purpose and Audience: persuade our school community to stop wasting food. Key knowledge and skills:
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Poetry: Old Foxy (1 week) Stimulus: ‘Old foxy’ by Sue Hardy-Dawson Purpose and Audience: explore a poem about one urban scavenger and then create a poem about another one (seagull) Key knowledge and skills:
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Narrative: Tam’s story (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Varjak Paw’ by SF Said Purpose and Audience: Write a new part of the story (Tam’s story) in the style of SF Said. Read it to a small audience. Key knowledge and skills:
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Fiction: Recount – News report (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘The Iron Man’ by Ted Hughes, ‘The Iron Giant’ (film) Purpose and Audience: news reports for local people about the Iron Man’s arrival, destruction of machinery and heroism. Key knowledge and skills:
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Fiction: Fox Friend – character/dilemma (3 weeks) Stimulus: ‘Fox Friend’ by Michael Morpurgo Purpose and Audience: create a dilemma story with strong lead character for a year 4 audience Key knowledge and skills:
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What writing skills and knowledge do we learn about in Year 4?
Sentence Construction
Variety of phrases, clauses and adverbials
Use a variety of phrases, clauses and adverbials to manipulate sentences for effect, using commas to outline phrases and clauses.
- The mouse, keeping his eye on the cat flap, nibbled the cheese nervously.
- nervously, the mouse nibbled the cheese keeping his eye on the cat flap.
Drop-in words, phrases and clauses
Extend the use of drop-in words, phrased and clauses:
- ed-ing-ly phrases
Jack, exhausted from driving a hard bargain, took his magic beans back home.
- simile phrases
Dr Who, as quick as a flash, disappeared into the Tardis.
- descriptive phrases
The shark, with its long grey body and flashing white teeth, swam towards the river.
Long and Short Sentences
Using a variety of long and short sentences when writing can vary the pace. Long sentences slow down the pace and enhance description and information. Short sentences increase pace and can be used to create tension and suspense.
The clock struck 12. Felix heard a noise. What was it?
Consolidate sentence variation
Children should start to consolidate their use of questions, exclamations, imperatives, sentences of 3 for action, description and ideas.
Character Dialogue
Write dialogue between characters in stories using a variety of speech verbs, styles of speech. This should also characterise the speaker, their relationship and their feelings.
Punctuation
Consolidate on:
- capital letters
- full stops
- exclamation marks
- question marks
- colons for a list
- comma
Direct Speech
When using speech there are some important things that you need to remember.
- Speech marks are used to separate direct speech from the rest of the text. Speech marks can also be used here.
"He's very clever," she boasted.
- Speech verbs need to be used after the direct speech. These explain how something was said.
"Let me go!" screamed Mary.
- New line for a new speaker. When writing direct speech you must start a new line every time a new person is speaking.
"Where is she?" questioned Simon.
"That's for me to know and you to find out," teased the stranger.
Apostrophes
For contractions:
A contraction is where two words are shortened into one. When this happens an apostrophe should be used to mark where the missing letters are.
Do not --- Don't
Did not --- Didn't
Should not --- Shouldn't
For possession
Apostrophes are used in possessive nouns. They appear before the 's' unless the noun is plural. In this case it appears after the 's'.
They boy's boots were muddy. (only one boy - singular possessive)
They boys' boots were muddy. (more than one boy - plural possessive)
Word Structure and Language
Prepositional Phrases
Use prepositional phrases to start sentences.
Beyond the gloom of the cave, Zach saw the ancient wizard moving.
Adjectival Phrases
An adjectival phrase is a group of words which are used to describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Use a range of adjectival phrases in order to vary writing.
- heavily disguised
- slow stepping
- darkly wooded
Standard English verb inflections
Use standard English for verb inflections throughout writing.
- We were not we was
- I did not I done
Plural and Posessive 's'
Children should know the difference between the use of plural 's' and possessive 's'.
Plural 's':
When there is more than one of something (plural) an 's' is added to the end of the word.
boy --- boys
cow --- cows
However there are a few exceptions. Some plurals don't 'just add s'.
fish --- fish
cactus --- cacti
Posessive 's':
Possessions are words which show possession, e.g This is the boy's cat. The cat belongs to the boy so 'boy' is a possessive noun. When we write these we add an apostrophe s.
teacher --- teacher's
mother --- mother's
However, there is an exception. If the possessive word is already plural (already has an 's' not he end), then the apostrophe appraise after the 's'.
boys' (more than one boy)
boy's (only one boy)
Word Families
For a definition of 'word families' see year 3.
Investigate meaning and spellings of related words through:
- adding suffices
help, helped, helpful, etc...
distract, distraction, distracted, etc...
- common prefixes
constant, contract, concede etc...
- prefixes for negatives and opposites
un, dis, in, ir, il etc...
- identify common prefixes and experiment with adding them to words
Children can make use of dictionaries and the internet for investigated prefixes.
Consolidate on:
- well-chosen adjectives/adverbs that add something new
- 'name it' (poodle not dog)
- powerful verbs
- speech verbs
- making sure each word earns its place, avoiding 'over-writing'
- creating new combinations, avoiding clichés (the old lady was break-dancing not the old lady was hobbling)
For more information on these areas, look at previous year groups.
National Curriculum Terminology
- pronoun
- posessive pronoun
- adverbial
- suffix
- prefix
Text Structure
Plan or orally rehearse
Before writing it is useful for children to plan and/or rehearse what they are going to write out loud. This enables them to have a clear direction of where their writing is heading before they start. It can help children order their thoughts and this allows their thoughts and creativity to flow more freely onto the page.
Organise stories into paragraphs
Children will be moving beyond a simple beginning, middle and end narrative and try different story patterns.
Organisational Devices
Use organisational devices in non-narrative texts (non-fiction) to guide the reader. These devices include:
- bullet points
- subheadings
- labelled diagrams
Fronted Adverbials
Fronted adverbials are adverbs which appear at the beginning of sentences.
Late into the evening, the doorbell rang.
Connectives
Use a widening range of connecting words and phrases to link paragraphs across a text, and sentences within a paragraph.
- who
- because
- so that
- as a result
- while
- until
- where
- or
- if
- to
- also
- however
- as well
- consequently
- unfortunately
Prepositional Openers
Use prepositional openers to indicate where something has happened.
At the end of the lane, the car was abandoned.
ed-ing-ly
Secure use of ed-ing-ly, words which end in -ed, -ing and -ly.
Surprised, Jane darted into a corner.
Feeling her way through the tunnel, Jill's heart pounded.
Reluctantly, the servant arose at 5am.
Language Effects
Emotive Language
In persuasive language emotive language should be used to make the reader feel something. This may be: sympathy, guilt, happiness, sorrow etc...
Imagine being cast out into the street, cold, lonely and frightened.
Empty Words
Use 'empty words' in writing to capture the reader's interest.
Someone, somewhere was out to get him.
Figurative language
Invent figurative language to evoke time, place, mood, feelings etc... This can by done by using:
- alliteration
- onomatopoeia
- similes
- metaphors
- personification
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Use comparative and superlative adjectives and a range of adverbs for precision and effect to exaggerate or shade the strength of words.
- slightly
- rather
- fairly
- completely
- utterly
- especially
Draw in the Reader
Questions can be used to draw in the reader while exclamations effectively create emphasis.